SampledSP

SampledSP is probably the most comprehensive collection of Java libraries for decoding sampled audio on Windows and macOS.

For many many years multimedia capabilities of Java have been modest at best. Without additional libraries it has not even been possible to play an mp3 file or resample a regular wave file. SampledSP libraries fill the gaps. Mostly based on native audio libraries like CoreAudio, Media Foundation and FFmpeg, SampledSP libraries provide Java wrappers for the underlying engines and integrate seamlessly through the implementation of javax.sound.sampled.spi-interfaces. Hence the name SampledSP.

SampledSP libraries are extremely simple to use. Just add a jar to the classpath and (in most cases) a native library to the java.library.path. Then proceed to use Java's AudioSystem like you normally would. That's it.

FFSampledSP, CASampledSP, and MFSampledSP can be licensed under LGPL v2.1.
All other SampledSP libraries can be licensed under LGPL v3.

Java Audio Resources

Even though it has not been edited in quite a while, Java Sound Resources still answers many important questions regarding audio and Java.

As part of the Java Tutorials, Oracle offers a Sound Trail. In order to get the gist of how the Java Sound API works, this is a pretty good starting point.
But note that the Java Media Framework API (JMF) advertised in the trail, has been abandoned a long time ago. If you're interested in simply playing back some mp3 files, you are probably better off using the JavaFX MediaPlayer, which can also be embedded in Swing applications. However, JavaFX does not give you access to any raw PCM data like javax.sound.sampled does.

If you'd like to analyze audio, you might also be interested in the Jipes analysis framework.

Last, but not least, there is also the Stack Overflow Javasound page.